
Cicadas are fascinating insects known for their loud, buzzing calls that fill summer nights. These creatures belong to the order Hemiptera and are closely related to leafhoppers and aphids. Cicadas have captured the imaginations of humans for centuries, inspiring myths, legends, and folklore across various cultures. Their life cycle is truly remarkable, with some species spending years underground before emerging as adults ready to reproduce.
วงจรชีวิตที่น่าอัศจรรย์
Cicadas are known for their unique life cycle which involves an extended period of development underground in the larval stage. Depending on the species, cicada nymphs can spend anywhere from two to seventeen years beneath the soil, feeding on tree sap extracted through specialized mouthparts called stylets. During this time, they undergo a series of molts as they grow larger and develop into mature nymphs.
Once fully developed, the nymphs emerge from the ground in massive synchronized swarms, often triggered by environmental cues such as soil temperature or rainfall. This mass emergence ensures a higher chance of successful mating. The adult cicadas then climb onto trees or other structures where they molt one final time, shedding their larval exoskeleton and revealing their winged adult form.
The adult stage is primarily focused on reproduction. Male cicadas produce loud buzzing calls using specialized sound-producing organs called tymbals located on their abdomen. These calls serve to attract females and establish territory. Females respond with quieter clicks or chirps. Mating occurs, and the female then lays her eggs in slits she creates in tree branches.
The eggs hatch into nymphs that drop to the ground and burrow underground, beginning the cycle anew. This remarkable life cycle makes cicadas a truly unique and intriguing group of insects.
ความหลากหลายของเสียงร้อง
Cicada calls are incredibly diverse, ranging from high-pitched buzzing to low-frequency chirps. The specific sound produced by a particular cicada species depends on factors such as the size and shape of its tymbals, the temperature, and the humidity.
Some species have evolved complex song patterns, involving variations in frequency, rhythm, and intensity. These songs can be used for courtship, territorial defense, or even communication with other cicadas in the swarm.
The sheer volume of cicada calls during mass emergence events can be deafening, reaching levels comparable to a rock concert. This auditory spectacle is often described as both mesmerizing and overwhelming.
บทบาททางนิเวศวิทยา
Cicadas play an important role in forest ecosystems. As nymphs, they contribute to soil aeration and nutrient cycling by feeding on tree roots and decomposing organic matter.
Adult cicadas serve as a food source for various animals, including birds, spiders, and reptiles. Their emergence can also trigger population booms in predator species.
The mass emergence of cicadas can temporarily impact the growth of trees they lay their eggs in. However, this effect is typically localized and short-lived, and trees generally recover without lasting damage.
การสัมพันธ์กับมนุษย์
Cicadas have been a source of fascination and inspiration for humans throughout history. Their distinctive calls are often associated with the arrival of summer and can evoke feelings of nostalgia and tranquility.
In some cultures, cicadas symbolize renewal, transformation, and good luck. They have even been featured in art, literature, and music.
Cicada nymphs are sometimes harvested as a food source in certain parts of the world. Their crunchy texture and high protein content make them a nutritious and sustainable alternative to traditional livestock.
ตัวอย่าง Cicada ที่น่าสนใจ
- Magicicada septendecim ( periodical cicada) :
- Cicada ที่มีชื่อเสียงในเรื่องวงจรชีวิต 17 ปี.
- เป็นที่รู้จักกันดีในเรื่องการปรากฎตัวพร้อมกันเป็นจำนวนมาก ซึ่งเป็นปรากฏการณ์ที่น่าตื่นตาตื่นใจ
ชื่อ | วงจรชีวิต (ปี) | ขนาด | สี |
---|---|---|---|
Magicicada septendecim | 17 | 2-3 cm | ดำ-น้ำตาล |
Okanagana bivittata | 4 | 1.5-2 cm | น้ำตาล-เทา |
-
Okanagana bivittata ( dog-day cicada ) :
- Cicada ที่มีเสียงร้องดังและโดดเด่น
การอนุรักษ์ Cicadas
Cicadas are generally not considered to be threatened or endangered. However, habitat loss and fragmentation due to human development can pose a risk to some populations. It is important to protect natural areas and promote sustainable land management practices to ensure the long-term survival of these fascinating insects.
Cicadas represent a remarkable example of the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. Their unique life cycle, captivating songs, and ecological significance make them truly fascinating creatures worthy of our admiration and protection.